Synchronous Optical Networking (SONET) and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) are standardized protocols that transfer multiple digital bit streams over optical fiber using lasers or highly coherent light from light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
Friday 15 November 2013
Wednesday 13 November 2013
Common Language Runtime
The Common Language Runtime (CLR) is the virtual machine component of Microsoft's .NET framework and is responsible for managing the execution of .NET programs.
In a process known as just-in-time compilation, the compiled code is converted into machine instructions that, in turn, are executed by the computer's CPU. The CLR provides additional services including memory management, type safety and exception handling. All programs written for the .NET framework, regardless of programming language, are executed by the CLR. It provides exception handling, garbage collection and thread management. CLR is common to all versions of the .NET framework.
Dot Net Technology
.Net is an IDE from microsoft which is used to make the applications by using the languages like C#,visual basic,f#. it also supports XML/ XSLT , HTML/XHTML, JavaScript and CSS. Individual language-specific versions of Visual Studio also exist which provide more limited language services to the user: Microsoft Visual Basic, Visual J#, Visual C#, and Visual C++.
Friday 18 October 2013
What is resistance made of
Resistors are normally made from a carbon film or a metal film that
control the flow of current. Resistors are normally made in a wide
variety of sizes, shapes and designs; usually, they have a colour coded
system of determining the value.
Thursday 17 October 2013
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. The "electromagnetic spectrum" of an object
has a different meaning, and is instead the characteristic distribution
of electromagnetic radiation emitted or absorbed by that particular
object.
The types of electromagnetic radiation are broadly classified into the following classes:
This classification goes in the increasing order of wavelength, which is characteristic of the type of radiation
Gamma radiation, also known as gamma rays, and denoted by the Greek letter γ, refers to electromagnetic radiation of high frequency and therefore high energy per photon. Gamma rays are ionizing radiation, and are thus biologically hazardous. They are classically produced by the decay from high energy states of atomic nuclei (gamma decay), but are also created by other processes. Paul Villard, a French chemist and physicist, discovered gamma radiation in 1900, while studying radiation emitted from radium. Villard's radiation was named "gamma rays" by Ernest Rutherford in 1903.
Gamma rays typically have frequencies above 10 exahertz (or >1019 Hz), and therefore have energies above 100 keV and wavelengths less than 10 picometers (less than the diameter of an atom).
X-radiation (composed of X-rays) is a form of electromagnetic radiation however much higher-energy X-rays can be generated for medical and industrial uses, for example radiotherapy, which utilizes linear accelerators to generate X-rays in the ranges of 6-20 MeV.
Most X-rays have a wavelength in the range of 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz (3×1016 Hz to 3×1019 Hz) and energies in the range 100 eV to 100 keV.
Ultraviolet (UV) light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays, that is, in the range between 400 nm and 10 nm, corresponding to photon energies from 3 eV to 124 eV. It is so-named because the spectrum consists of electromagnetic waves with frequencies higher than those that humans identify as the color violet. These frequencies are invisible to humans, but near UV is visible to a number of insects and birds.
The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to (can be detected by) the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light or simply light. A typical human eye will respond to wavelengths from about 390 to 700 nm.[1] In terms of frequency, this corresponds to a band in the vicinity of 430–790 THz. A light-adapted eye generally has its maximum sensitivity at around 555 nm (540 THz), in the green region of the optical spectrum (see: luminosity function). The spectrum does not, however, contain all the colors that the human eyes and brain can distinguish.
Infrared (IR) light is electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than those of visible light, extending from the nominal red edge of the visible spectrum at 700 nanometres (nm) to 1 mm. This range of wavelengths corresponds to a frequency range of approximately 430 THz down to 300 GHz,.[1] Most of the thermal radiation emitted by objects near room temperature is infrared.
In physics, terahertz radiation, also called submillimeter radiation, terahertz waves, terahertz light, T-rays, T-waves, T-light, T-lux, or THz, consists of electromagnetic waves at frequencies from 0.3 to 3 terahertz (THz). The term applies to electromagnetic radiation with frequencies between the high-frequency edge of the millimeter wave band, 300 gigahertz (3×1011 Hz), and the low frequency edge of the far-infrared light band, 3000 GHz (3×1012 Hz). Corresponding wavelengths of radiation in this band range from 1 mm to 0.1 mm
Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from as long as one meter to as short as one millimeter, or equivalently, with frequencies between 300 MHz (0.3 GHz) and 300 GHz.[1][2] This broad definition includes both UHF and EHF (millimeter waves), and various sources use different boundaries. In all cases, microwave includes the entire SHF band (3 to 30 GHz, or 10 to 1 cm) at minimum, with RF engineering often putting the lower boundary at 1 GHz (30 cm), and the upper around 100 GHz (3 mm).
Radio waves are a type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum longer than infrared light. Radio waves have frequencies from 300 GHz to as low as 3 kHz, and corresponding wavelengths ranging from 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to 100 kilometers (62 mi). Like all other electromagnetic waves, they travel at the speed of light. Naturally occurring radio waves are made by lightning, or by astronomical objects. Artificially generated radio waves are used for fixed and mobile radio communication, broadcasting, radar and other navigation systems, communications satellites, computer networks and innumerable other applications. Different frequencies of radio waves have different propagation characteristics in the Earth's atmosphere; long waves may cover a part of the Earth very consistently, shorter waves can reflect off the ionosphere and travel around the world, and much shorter wavelengths bend or reflect very little and travel on a line of sight.
The types of electromagnetic radiation are broadly classified into the following classes:
- Gamma radiation
- X-ray radiation
- Ultraviolet radiation
- Visible radiation
- Infrared radiation
- Terahertz radiation
- Microwave radiation
- Radio waves
This classification goes in the increasing order of wavelength, which is characteristic of the type of radiation
Gamma radiation, also known as gamma rays, and denoted by the Greek letter γ, refers to electromagnetic radiation of high frequency and therefore high energy per photon. Gamma rays are ionizing radiation, and are thus biologically hazardous. They are classically produced by the decay from high energy states of atomic nuclei (gamma decay), but are also created by other processes. Paul Villard, a French chemist and physicist, discovered gamma radiation in 1900, while studying radiation emitted from radium. Villard's radiation was named "gamma rays" by Ernest Rutherford in 1903.
Gamma rays typically have frequencies above 10 exahertz (or >1019 Hz), and therefore have energies above 100 keV and wavelengths less than 10 picometers (less than the diameter of an atom).
X-radiation (composed of X-rays) is a form of electromagnetic radiation however much higher-energy X-rays can be generated for medical and industrial uses, for example radiotherapy, which utilizes linear accelerators to generate X-rays in the ranges of 6-20 MeV.
Most X-rays have a wavelength in the range of 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz (3×1016 Hz to 3×1019 Hz) and energies in the range 100 eV to 100 keV.
Ultraviolet (UV) light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays, that is, in the range between 400 nm and 10 nm, corresponding to photon energies from 3 eV to 124 eV. It is so-named because the spectrum consists of electromagnetic waves with frequencies higher than those that humans identify as the color violet. These frequencies are invisible to humans, but near UV is visible to a number of insects and birds.
The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to (can be detected by) the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light or simply light. A typical human eye will respond to wavelengths from about 390 to 700 nm.[1] In terms of frequency, this corresponds to a band in the vicinity of 430–790 THz. A light-adapted eye generally has its maximum sensitivity at around 555 nm (540 THz), in the green region of the optical spectrum (see: luminosity function). The spectrum does not, however, contain all the colors that the human eyes and brain can distinguish.
Infrared (IR) light is electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than those of visible light, extending from the nominal red edge of the visible spectrum at 700 nanometres (nm) to 1 mm. This range of wavelengths corresponds to a frequency range of approximately 430 THz down to 300 GHz,.[1] Most of the thermal radiation emitted by objects near room temperature is infrared.
In physics, terahertz radiation, also called submillimeter radiation, terahertz waves, terahertz light, T-rays, T-waves, T-light, T-lux, or THz, consists of electromagnetic waves at frequencies from 0.3 to 3 terahertz (THz). The term applies to electromagnetic radiation with frequencies between the high-frequency edge of the millimeter wave band, 300 gigahertz (3×1011 Hz), and the low frequency edge of the far-infrared light band, 3000 GHz (3×1012 Hz). Corresponding wavelengths of radiation in this band range from 1 mm to 0.1 mm
Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from as long as one meter to as short as one millimeter, or equivalently, with frequencies between 300 MHz (0.3 GHz) and 300 GHz.[1][2] This broad definition includes both UHF and EHF (millimeter waves), and various sources use different boundaries. In all cases, microwave includes the entire SHF band (3 to 30 GHz, or 10 to 1 cm) at minimum, with RF engineering often putting the lower boundary at 1 GHz (30 cm), and the upper around 100 GHz (3 mm).
Radio waves are a type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum longer than infrared light. Radio waves have frequencies from 300 GHz to as low as 3 kHz, and corresponding wavelengths ranging from 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to 100 kilometers (62 mi). Like all other electromagnetic waves, they travel at the speed of light. Naturally occurring radio waves are made by lightning, or by astronomical objects. Artificially generated radio waves are used for fixed and mobile radio communication, broadcasting, radar and other navigation systems, communications satellites, computer networks and innumerable other applications. Different frequencies of radio waves have different propagation characteristics in the Earth's atmosphere; long waves may cover a part of the Earth very consistently, shorter waves can reflect off the ionosphere and travel around the world, and much shorter wavelengths bend or reflect very little and travel on a line of sight.
Wednesday 16 October 2013
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
Electromagnetic radiation (EM radiation or EMR) is one of the fundamental phenomena of electromagnetism, exhibiting wave-like behavior as it propagates through space carrying radiant energy. It is emitted and absorbed by charged particles. EMR has both electric and magnetic field components, which stand in a fixed ratio of intensity to each other, and which oscillate in phase perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the direction of energy and wave propagation. In a vacuum, electromagnetic radiation propagates at a characteristic speed, the speed of light.
Electromagnetic Force
The electromagnetic force is one of the four fundamental interactions in nature, the other three being the strong interaction, the weak interaction, and gravitation. This force is described by electromagnetic fields, and has innumerable physical instances including the interaction of electrically charged particles and the interaction of uncharged magnetic force fields with electrical conductors.
Types of Forces
| There are mainly three types of forces that exist in this universe and mainly categorized in the forces of nature | |||
-Gravitational Force |
|
||||||||
-Electrical Force |
-Magnetic ForceThe combination of electromagnetic force and Magnetic force is said to be electromagnetic force which is said to be strongest force in the nature. |
Radio Frequency (RF)
Radio frequency (RF) is a rate of oscillation in the range of about 3 kHz to 300 GHz, which corresponds to the frequency of radio waves, and the alternating currents which carry radio signals.
Keyboard Shortcuts (Microsoft Windows)
More than 100 Keyboard Shortcuts
1. CTRL+C (Copy)
2. CTRL+X (Cut)
3. CTRL+V (Paste)
4. CTRL+Z (Undo)
5. DELETE (Delete)
6. SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected
item permanently without placing the
item in the Recycle Bin)
7. CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the
selected item)
8. CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item
(Create a shortcut to the selected item)
9. F2 key (Rename the selected item)
10. CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the
insertion point to the beginning of the
next word)
11. CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the
insertion point to the beginning of the
previous word)
12. CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the
insertion point to the beginning of the
next paragraph)
13. CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the
insertion point to the beginning of the
previous paragraph)
14. CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow
keys (Highlight a block of text)
SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select
more than one item in a window or on
the desktop, or select text in a
document)
15. CTRL+A (Select all)
16. F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
17. ALT+ENTER (View the properties for
the selected item)
18. ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit
the active program)
19. ALT+ENTER (Display the properties
of the selected object)
20. ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut
menu for the active window)
21. CTRL+F4 (Close the active document
in programs that enable you to have
multiple documents opensimultaneously)
22. ALT+TAB (Switch between the open
items)
23. ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the
order that they had been opened)
24. F6 key (Cycle through the screen
elements in a window or on the desktop)
25. F4 key (Display the Address bar list in
My Computer or Windows Explorer)
26. SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut
menu for the selected item)
27. ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System
menu for the active window)
28. CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)
29. ALT+Underlined letter in a menu
name (Display the corresponding menu)
Underlined letter in a command name on
an open menu (Perform the
corresponding command)
30. F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the
active program)
31. RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu
to the right, or open a submenu)
32. LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to
the left, or close a submenu)
33. F5 key (Update the active window)
34. BACKSPACE (View the folder onelevel
up in My Computer or Windows
Explorer)
35. ESC (Cancel the current task)
36. SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROMinto
the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM
from automatically playing)
Dialog Box - Keyboard Shortcuts
1. CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the
tabs)
2. CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward
through the tabs)
3. TAB (Move forward through the
options)
4. SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through
the options)
5. ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the
corresponding command or select the
corresponding option)
6. ENTER (Perform the command for the
active option or button)
7. SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check
box if the active option is a check box)
8. Arrow keys (Select a button if the
active option is a group of option
buttons)
9. F1 key (Display Help)
10. F4 key (Display the items in the
active list)
11. BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level
up if a folder is selected in the Save As
or Open dialog box)
Microsoft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts
1. Windows Logo (Display or hide the
Start menu)
2. Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the
System Properties dialog box)
3. Windows Logo+D (Display the
desktop)
4. Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the
windows)
5. Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restorethe
minimized windows)
6. Windows Logo+E (Open My
Computer)
7. Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a
folder)
8. CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for
computers)
9. Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows
Help)
10. Windows Logo+ L (Lock the
keyboard)
11. Windows Logo+R (Open the Run
dialog box)
12. Windows Logo+U (Open Utility
Manager)
13. Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts
14. Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch
FilterKeys either on or off)
15. Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN
(Switch High Contrast either on or off)
16. Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK
(Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)
17. SHIFT five times (Switch the
StickyKeys either on or off)
18. NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch
the ToggleKeys either on or off)
19. Windows Logo +U (Open Utility
Manager)
20. Windows Explorer Keyboard
Shortcuts
21. END (Display the bottom of the
active window)
22. HOME (Display the top of the active
window)
23. NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display
all of the subfolders that are under the
selected folder)
24. NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the
contents of the selected folder)
MMC Console keyboard shortcuts
1. SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action
shortcut menu for the selected item)
2. F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for
the selected item)
3. F5 key (Update the content of all
console windows)
4. CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active
console window)
5. CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console
window)
6. ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties
dialog box, if any, for theselected item)
7. F2 key (Rename the selected item)
8. CTRL+F4 (Close the active console
window. When a console has only one
console window, this shortcut closes the
console)
Remote Desktop Connection Navigation
1. CTRL+ALT+END (Open the Microsoft
Windows NT Security dialog box)
2. ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between
programs from left to right)
3. ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between
programs from right to left)
4. ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the
programs in most recently used order)
5. ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu)
6. CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client
computer between a window and a full
screen)
7. ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows
menu)
8. CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a
snapshot of the active window in the
client on the Terminal server clipboard
and provide the same functionality as
pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local
computer.)
9. CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place
asnapshot of the entire client window
area on the Terminal server clipboardand
provide the same functionality
aspressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a
local computer.)
Microsoft Internet Explorer Keyboard
Shortcuts
1. CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites
dialog box)
2. CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)
3. CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)
4. CTRL+H (Open the History bar)
5. CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)
6. CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)
7. CTRL+N (Start another instance of the
browser with the same Web address)
8. CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog
box,the same as CTRL+L)
9. CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)
10. CTRL+R (Update the current Web
page)
11. CTRL+W (Close the current window
1. CTRL+C (Copy)
2. CTRL+X (Cut)
3. CTRL+V (Paste)
4. CTRL+Z (Undo)
5. DELETE (Delete)
6. SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected
item permanently without placing the
item in the Recycle Bin)
7. CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the
selected item)
8. CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item
(Create a shortcut to the selected item)
9. F2 key (Rename the selected item)
10. CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the
insertion point to the beginning of the
next word)
11. CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the
insertion point to the beginning of the
previous word)
12. CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the
insertion point to the beginning of the
next paragraph)
13. CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the
insertion point to the beginning of the
previous paragraph)
14. CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow
keys (Highlight a block of text)
SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select
more than one item in a window or on
the desktop, or select text in a
document)
15. CTRL+A (Select all)
16. F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
17. ALT+ENTER (View the properties for
the selected item)
18. ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit
the active program)
19. ALT+ENTER (Display the properties
of the selected object)
20. ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut
menu for the active window)
21. CTRL+F4 (Close the active document
in programs that enable you to have
multiple documents opensimultaneously)
22. ALT+TAB (Switch between the open
items)
23. ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the
order that they had been opened)
24. F6 key (Cycle through the screen
elements in a window or on the desktop)
25. F4 key (Display the Address bar list in
My Computer or Windows Explorer)
26. SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut
menu for the selected item)
27. ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System
menu for the active window)
28. CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)
29. ALT+Underlined letter in a menu
name (Display the corresponding menu)
Underlined letter in a command name on
an open menu (Perform the
corresponding command)
30. F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the
active program)
31. RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu
to the right, or open a submenu)
32. LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to
the left, or close a submenu)
33. F5 key (Update the active window)
34. BACKSPACE (View the folder onelevel
up in My Computer or Windows
Explorer)
35. ESC (Cancel the current task)
36. SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROMinto
the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM
from automatically playing)
Dialog Box - Keyboard Shortcuts
1. CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the
tabs)
2. CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward
through the tabs)
3. TAB (Move forward through the
options)
4. SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through
the options)
5. ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the
corresponding command or select the
corresponding option)
6. ENTER (Perform the command for the
active option or button)
7. SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check
box if the active option is a check box)
8. Arrow keys (Select a button if the
active option is a group of option
buttons)
9. F1 key (Display Help)
10. F4 key (Display the items in the
active list)
11. BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level
up if a folder is selected in the Save As
or Open dialog box)
Microsoft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts
1. Windows Logo (Display or hide the
Start menu)
2. Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the
System Properties dialog box)
3. Windows Logo+D (Display the
desktop)
4. Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the
windows)
5. Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restorethe
minimized windows)
6. Windows Logo+E (Open My
Computer)
7. Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a
folder)
8. CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for
computers)
9. Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows
Help)
10. Windows Logo+ L (Lock the
keyboard)
11. Windows Logo+R (Open the Run
dialog box)
12. Windows Logo+U (Open Utility
Manager)
13. Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts
14. Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch
FilterKeys either on or off)
15. Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN
(Switch High Contrast either on or off)
16. Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK
(Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)
17. SHIFT five times (Switch the
StickyKeys either on or off)
18. NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch
the ToggleKeys either on or off)
19. Windows Logo +U (Open Utility
Manager)
20. Windows Explorer Keyboard
Shortcuts
21. END (Display the bottom of the
active window)
22. HOME (Display the top of the active
window)
23. NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display
all of the subfolders that are under the
selected folder)
24. NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the
contents of the selected folder)
MMC Console keyboard shortcuts
1. SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action
shortcut menu for the selected item)
2. F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for
the selected item)
3. F5 key (Update the content of all
console windows)
4. CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active
console window)
5. CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console
window)
6. ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties
dialog box, if any, for theselected item)
7. F2 key (Rename the selected item)
8. CTRL+F4 (Close the active console
window. When a console has only one
console window, this shortcut closes the
console)
Remote Desktop Connection Navigation
1. CTRL+ALT+END (Open the Microsoft
Windows NT Security dialog box)
2. ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between
programs from left to right)
3. ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between
programs from right to left)
4. ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the
programs in most recently used order)
5. ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu)
6. CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client
computer between a window and a full
screen)
7. ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows
menu)
8. CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a
snapshot of the active window in the
client on the Terminal server clipboard
and provide the same functionality as
pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local
computer.)
9. CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place
asnapshot of the entire client window
area on the Terminal server clipboardand
provide the same functionality
aspressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a
local computer.)
Microsoft Internet Explorer Keyboard
Shortcuts
1. CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites
dialog box)
2. CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)
3. CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)
4. CTRL+H (Open the History bar)
5. CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)
6. CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)
7. CTRL+N (Start another instance of the
browser with the same Web address)
8. CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog
box,the same as CTRL+L)
9. CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)
10. CTRL+R (Update the current Web
page)
11. CTRL+W (Close the current window
Wednesday 2 October 2013
What is the difference between router,Hub and switch?
HUB
A common connection point for devices in a network. 
SWITCH
In networks, a device that filters and forwards packets between LAN segments.
A device that forwards data packets along networks. A router is connected to at least two networks, commonly two LANs orWANs or a LAN and its ISP.s network.
Saturday 21 September 2013
How the transistors work
As we know the cells are the building block of life similarly the transistors are the building block of digital revolution.
What is the difference between dynamic website and static website?
Static website is simply a separate HTML pages that are stored in the Server.In the static website pages that are written in simply in HTML are stored in web server and comes from the server when the user or client requested.
In the dynamic website web pages are dynamically generated that is in the dynamic website web pages are generated from the server side with the help of applications like jsp and servelet.In the dynamic website only the webpage layout is store in server database and when the user requested the website the web server connect that database application and from where the web page is generated and send to the cilent.
In the dynamic website web pages are dynamically generated that is in the dynamic website web pages are generated from the server side with the help of applications like jsp and servelet.In the dynamic website only the webpage layout is store in server database and when the user requested the website the web server connect that database application and from where the web page is generated and send to the cilent.
Friday 20 September 2013
what is the difference between visual basic and visual studio
It is just a simple because by name its sound confusing but the reality is that visual studio is the whole environment and visual basic is one of the language that is implemented on visual studio.
It is correct to say that Visual basic is just like MS Word and Visual studio is MS Office i.e. by just likE MS word is a part of MS Office similarly the Visual Basic is a part of Visual Studio.
It is correct to say that Visual basic is just like MS Word and Visual studio is MS Office i.e. by just likE MS word is a part of MS Office similarly the Visual Basic is a part of Visual Studio.
Microprocessor
As we all know about the device named as computer. Today in each and every field the computer and uses this device.The simple definition of computer is that it is a machine that takes the input and gives a output and hence makes the human work easier.
But from the history what is in this device that it is such a powerful machine such a powerful not even a single industry is without computer.
The main component in this device is Microprocessor which is a small chip that makes the heavy processing much easier.
Lets proceed to the main topic how this microprocessor works means what is inside this device so that this device is much powerful lets move inside it so deeply that we compare this device formation to the matter smallest component that is electron,proton,and neutron.
The work of microprocessor is to take input digital data and processed it according to instructions and stored in memory and results as output.
As we know the first generation of computer is based on vacuum tubes and magnetic drums in which vacuum tubes is used for circuitry and magnetic drums is used for memory so let us first examine that how the vacuum tubes circuitory works and in such a manner and how the vacuum tubes perform operations related to circuit.
But from the history what is in this device that it is such a powerful machine such a powerful not even a single industry is without computer.
The main component in this device is Microprocessor which is a small chip that makes the heavy processing much easier.
Lets proceed to the main topic how this microprocessor works means what is inside this device so that this device is much powerful lets move inside it so deeply that we compare this device formation to the matter smallest component that is electron,proton,and neutron.
The work of microprocessor is to take input digital data and processed it according to instructions and stored in memory and results as output.
As we know the first generation of computer is based on vacuum tubes and magnetic drums in which vacuum tubes is used for circuitry and magnetic drums is used for memory so let us first examine that how the vacuum tubes circuitory works and in such a manner and how the vacuum tubes perform operations related to circuit.
What is freeware and shareware software?
Freeware is software that is available for use at no monetary cost or for an optional fee,but usually (although not necessarily) closed source with one or more restricted usage rights.
Example of freeware software are:
Adobe PDF, Google Talk, yahoo messenger, MSN messenger
Shareware (also termed trialware or demoware) is proprietary software that is provided to users on a very limited basis and only for a certain limited trial basis and pursuant to a license which restricts any commercial benefit, use or exploitation of the software.
Example of Shareware software:
Winzip, Cuteftp, Getright
Example of freeware software are:
Adobe PDF, Google Talk, yahoo messenger, MSN messenger
Shareware (also termed trialware or demoware) is proprietary software that is provided to users on a very limited basis and only for a certain limited trial basis and pursuant to a license which restricts any commercial benefit, use or exploitation of the software.
Example of Shareware software:
Winzip, Cuteftp, Getright
Wednesday 18 September 2013
Points to be noted in SQL
1. .Many times people are confused with "< >" operator which stands for Not equal to.
"< >"and "!=" operator are same operator.
2."Like" key
"< >"and "!=" operator are same operator.
2."Like" key
LIKE | Match a character pattern | First_Name LIKE 'Will%' |
What is the difference between centralized database and distributed database?
Centralized database is a database in which data is stored and maintained in a single location. This is the traditional approach for storing data in large enterprises.
Distributed database is a database in which data is stored in storage devices that are not located in the same physical location but the database is controlled using a central Database Management System (DBMS)
.
Distributed database is a database in which data is stored in storage devices that are not located in the same physical location but the database is controlled using a central Database Management System (DBMS)
.
IT Skills that are higher in demand in the upcoming future
These are the IT skills that are high in the demand in the upcoming future
1.SAP
2.C# Programming
3.Network Security
4.Cloud Computing
5.Mobile Application Development
6.Risk Analysis
7.Unified Communications
8.Business analysis and intelligence
9.Network security infrastructure
10. ITIL
11.Enterprise architecture
1.SAP
2.C# Programming
3.Network Security
4.Cloud Computing
5.Mobile Application Development
6.Risk Analysis
7.Unified Communications
8.Business analysis and intelligence
9.Network security infrastructure
10. ITIL
11.Enterprise architecture
Saturday 31 August 2013
Programming Language Developer
Language Developer
C Dennis Ritchie
C++ Bjarne Stroustrup
C# Microsoft
Java James Gosling
C Dennis Ritchie
C++ Bjarne Stroustrup
C# Microsoft
Java James Gosling
Ruby on Rails
Ruby on rails is a web application framework which is run by the ruby language Ruby on Rails emphasizes the use of well-known software engineering patterns and principles, such as active record pattern, convention over configuration (CoC), don't repeat yourself (DRY), and model–view–controller (MVC).
MVC
MVC stands for Model View Controller it has two main objectives
The first objective is related to the promote code re usability AND
The second objective is to used to implement separation of concern
MVC pattern is widely used in program development with programming languages such as Java, Smalltalk, C, and C++.
The first objective is related to the promote code re usability AND
The second objective is to used to implement separation of concern
MVC pattern is widely used in program development with programming languages such as Java, Smalltalk, C, and C++.
.NET Using C# Technology
.Net is a software framework that is developed by the Microsoft in which we can implement three technology to make two kind of applications mainly the web applications and desktop applications
1-C#
2-Visual Basic
3-ASP
there are something like 45,000 different methods/member functions and properties in the libraries/assemblies.
1-C#
2-Visual Basic
3-ASP
there are something like 45,000 different methods/member functions and properties in the libraries/assemblies.
What is constructor in java?
Constructor can be defined as the methods but it is quite different from the method. These points can be justify that constructor are different from methods
-Constuctor can be of the same name as class.
-Constuctor can be of the same name as class.
Tuesday 16 April 2013
Monday 15 April 2013
Google Nexus 7
Google has launched a product named as Google Nexus 7 made by Asus for Google and in india it is launched nearly in the first week of the april.With a price of Rs 15,999 and With up to 32GB of storage it is affordable to the persons which going to the market to purchase a tablet. It having the processor of NVIDIA® Tegra® 3 quad-core processor.
Sunday 7 April 2013
Network Interface Card
NIC cards are the chips or extension board that embedded to computer so that computer can connected to a network typically a Local Area Network (LAN).
This may be
either using an external transceiver
(as shown) or through an internal integrated transceiver mounted
on the network interface card PCB.
CYBERPHOBIA
Cyberphobia is a technical term that is used for the persons who are afraid from using the computer or inability to learn the new technology.It is a term introduced in 1985 to refer to a sense of anxiety of aversion created by technology.
Sunday 27 January 2013
Wednesday 23 January 2013
Binary Realtions
Bit = 1 Binary Digit
Byte = 8 Bit
Kilobyte = 1024 Byte
Megabyte = 1024 Kilobyte
Gigabyte = 1024 Megabyte
Terabyte = 1024 Gigabyte
Petabyte = 1024 Terabyte
Exabyte = 1024 Petabyte
Zettabyte = 1024 Exabyte
Yottabyte = 1024 Zettabyte
Brontobyte = 1024 Yottabyte
Geopbyte = 1024 Brontobyte
Saganbyte = 1024 Geopbyte
Pijabyte = 1024 Saganbyte
Alphabyte = 1024 Pijabyte
Kryatbyte = 1024 Alphabyte
Amosbyte = 1024 Kryatbyte
Pectrolbyte = 1024 Amosbyte
Bolgerbyte = 1024 Pectrolbyte
Sambobyte = 1024 Bolgerbyte
Quesabyte = 1024 Sambobyte
Kinsabyte = 1024 Quesabyte
Rutherbyte = 1024 Kinsabyte
Dubnibyte = 1024 Rutherbyte
Seaborgbyte = 1024 Dubnibyte
Bohrbyte = 1024 Seaborgbyte
Hassiubyte = 1024 Bohrbyte
Meitnerbyte = 1024 Hassiubyte
Darmstadbyte = 1024 Meitnerbyte
Roentbyte = 1024 Darmstadbyte
Coperbyte = 1024 Roentbyte
Byte = 8 Bit
Kilobyte = 1024 Byte
Megabyte = 1024 Kilobyte
Gigabyte = 1024 Megabyte
Terabyte = 1024 Gigabyte
Petabyte = 1024 Terabyte
Exabyte = 1024 Petabyte
Zettabyte = 1024 Exabyte
Yottabyte = 1024 Zettabyte
Brontobyte = 1024 Yottabyte
Geopbyte = 1024 Brontobyte
Saganbyte = 1024 Geopbyte
Pijabyte = 1024 Saganbyte
Alphabyte = 1024 Pijabyte
Kryatbyte = 1024 Alphabyte
Amosbyte = 1024 Kryatbyte
Pectrolbyte = 1024 Amosbyte
Bolgerbyte = 1024 Pectrolbyte
Sambobyte = 1024 Bolgerbyte
Quesabyte = 1024 Sambobyte
Kinsabyte = 1024 Quesabyte
Rutherbyte = 1024 Kinsabyte
Dubnibyte = 1024 Rutherbyte
Seaborgbyte = 1024 Dubnibyte
Bohrbyte = 1024 Seaborgbyte
Hassiubyte = 1024 Bohrbyte
Meitnerbyte = 1024 Hassiubyte
Darmstadbyte = 1024 Meitnerbyte
Roentbyte = 1024 Darmstadbyte
Coperbyte = 1024 Roentbyte
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