Tuesday 4 December 2012

Window Sliding Protocol

KeyPoints releated to the Window Sliding Protocol

-Piggybacking (security), when an authorized person allows (intentionally or unintentionally) others to pass through a secure door.

-Piggybacking, a practice in which a person with bad credit uses the seasoned trade line of credit of someone else.

-Piggybacking (data transmission), a bi-directional data transmission technique in network layer, sending data along with ACK called Piggybacking

-One bit sliding window protocol is also called Stop-And-Wait protocol. In this protocol, the sender sends out one frame, waits for acknowledgment before sending next frame

-The transport layer provides convenient services such as connection-oriented data stream support, reliability, flow control, and multiplexing..

-An acknowledgement (ACK) is a packet sent by one host in response to a packet it has received.

-A timeout is a signal that an ACK to a packet that was sent has not yet been received within a specified timeframe

-Propagation delay is defined as the delay between transmission and receipt of packets between hosts

-First role is to enable reliable delivery of packets

-Second role is to enable in order delivery of packets

-Third role is to enable flow control

-a pipeline is a set of data processing elements connected in series, so that the output of one element is the input of the next one







Monday 3 December 2012

What is the difference between Compiler,Assembler and Interpreter

Assemblers

Assembly languages are more easily translated in to machine code than high-level programs languages. Each assembly language statement directly corresponds to one or more machine instructions. Another way to think about this is that assembly language code is simply an abbreviated form of machine code. Thus, to transform a program from an assembly language to machine code all that must be done is that the instructions must be converted from their mnemonic abbreviations into their equivalent string of ones and zeroes. This transformation process is known as assembling and is accomplished by an assembler.

Compilers

A compiler is a computer program that converts an entire program written in a high-level language (called source code) and translates it into an executable form (called object code).

Interpreters

An interpreter is a computer program that takes source code and converts each line in succession. At each step it executes the high-level statement. In other words, it doesn't have to examine the entire program before it can begin executing code. Thus, programs that are interpreted lend themselve to interactive programming. However, programs that are interpreted will generally run much slower than programs that are compiled. 

PEER TO PEER SHARING

Peer to peer file sharing is a technique which provide users to download movies,files,and games using a peer to peer softwares.The most common used peer to peer softwares are bit torrent.The "peers" are computer systems connected to each other through the Internet.This is the most widely used technique that used in the downloading of large files from the internet.
 while as we know as if we see the other side of the coins this technology have some disadvantage like the malicious or unwanted software is downloaded by these files which creates problems in the system.

Tuesday 20 November 2012

Techie Pics

Microsoft Keyboard


This is a keyboard specially design to make the work more easy and less hectic.

Sunday 4 November 2012

DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING

Dynamic Programming is a methodology by which we can divide or break the program into the number of the modules.The approached of the modular programming is mainly successful in these approaches of programming:-
(1)Overlapping Sub-Problems
(2)Optimal Substructure

Overlapping Sub-Problems

These are the problems in which the  problem is divided into the  sub-problems which can be used many types or mainly the problems in which the recursive function is used.
   

            "Recursive functions are the function in which the function calling itself"

The example of the Overlapping sub -problem can be the problem of the Fibonacci sequence.


Optimal Substructure

These are the problems in which there is approach to find the optimal solution of the problem.The optimal solution refers to the finding the best possible solution of the problem. The example that can be taken is the Shortest Path Algorithm in which we try to find out the best possible shortest path out of the many possible solutions.



Saturday 3 November 2012

NET BEANS IDE

In Netbeans IDE You have toolbox which containes buttons,combo box,label etc..you just drag that items and you get the code automatically.

Friday 2 November 2012

SERVER

Server is a physical component which basically serves the need of the users.The physical component refers to the computing machine which acts as  a host to many service provider.The service providing is of the many  types like the Database server,File Server,Mail Server,Print Server,Game Server or these type of services can be provided through the servers.
This is the images of the server
This ts the data storage server.


Thsis is the typical server used to access the data.





Tuesday 30 October 2012

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TESTING AND DEBUGGING

As the keywords testing and debugging are quite similar foe the layman but in actual they both are so different as the keywords like Breakfast and Lunch.
The difference are follows-:
(1) Testing is finding an error/problem and its done by testers where as debugging finding the root cause for the error/problem and that is taken care by developers...!!
(2)Testing is an entire Process of error detection / identification / correction done by Testers ...
There are various phases to it, various approaches to follow, various levels at which testing works, different types of testing ..
Debugging is just a term / small process whereas "Testing" is an entire field

Friday 19 October 2012

INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT

Integrated Development Ebviroment can be defined as a application for the programmers to develop the softwares.The example of the IDE's are like Eclipse,Microsoft Visual Studio,e.tc. These are the IDE's in which there are all the possible things that are needed by the programmers to develop their software like the Compiler,Source Code Editor,Debugger,e.t.c
The images of the various IDE's are:


Sunday 7 October 2012

JAVA SERVER PAGES

JavaServer Pages (JSP) is a technology that helps software developers create dynamically generated web pages based on HTMLXML, or other document types by Sun Microsystems[1], JSP is similar to PHP, but it uses the Java programming language.A JSP is translated into Java servlet before being run, and it processes HTTP requests and generates responses like any servlet. 

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN C AND JAVA

(1)  JAVA is Object-Oriented while C is procedural type language

(2)  Java is an Interpreted language while C is a compiled language

(3) C uses the top-down {sharp & smooth} approach while JAVA uses the bottom-up {on the rocks} approach.

(4)In C there is a pointer while in JAVA there is no pointer.

Friday 5 October 2012

LIST OF CMD COMMANDS


ASSOC           Displays or modifies file extension associations.
ATTRIB         Displays or changes file attributes.
BREAK          Sets or clears extended CTRL+C checking.
BCDEDIT      Sets properties in boot database to control boot loading.
CACLS          Displays or modifies access control lists (ACLs) of files.
CALL            Calls one batch program from another.
CD                Displays the name of or changes the current directory.
CHCP            Displays or sets the active code page number.
CHDIR          Displays the name of or changes the current directory.
CHKDSK       Checks a disk and displays a status report.
CHKNTFS      Displays or modifies the checking of disk at boot time.
CLS                Clears the screen.
CMD               Starts a new instance of the Windows command interpreter.
COLOR           Sets the default console foreground and background colors.
COMP             Compares the contents of two files or sets of files.
COMPACT      Displays or alters the compression of files on NTFS partiti
CONVERT       Converts FAT volumes to NTFS.  You cannot convert the
                        current drive.
COPY             Copies one or more files to another location.
DATE             Displays or sets the date.
DEL                Deletes one or more files.
DIR                Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory.
DISKCOMP     Compares the contents of two floppy disks.
DISKCOPY       Copies the contents of one floppy disk to another.
DISKPART       Displays or configures Disk Partition properties.
DOSKEY         Edits command lines, recalls Windows commands, and
                         creates macros.
DRIVERQUERY    Displays current device driver status and properties.
ECHO                 Displays messages, or turns command echoing on or off.
ENDLOCAL         Ends localization of environment changes in a batch file.
ERASE                 Deletes one or more files.
EXIT                Quits the CMD.EXE program (command interpreter).
FC                   Compares two files or sets of files, and displays the
                       differences between them.
FIND             Searches for a text string in a file or files.
FINDSTR      Searches for strings in files.
FOR               Runs a specified command for each file in a set of files.
FORMAT        Formats a disk for use with Windows.
FSUTIL           Displays or configures the file system properties.
FTYPE            Displays or modifies file types used in file extension
                        associations.
GOTO           Directs the Windows command interpreter to a labeled line i
                     a batch program.
GPRESULT       Displays Group Policy information for machine or user.
GRAFTABL       Enables Windows to display an extended character set in
                          graphics mode.
HELP             Provides Help information for Windows commands.
ICACLS         Display, modify, backup, or restore ACLs for files and
                      directories.
IF                  Performs conditional processing in batch programs.
LABEL          Creates, changes, or deletes the volume label of a disk.
MD             Creates a directory.
MKDIR          Creates a directory.
MKLINK         Creates Symbolic Links and Hard Links
MODE           Configures a system device.
MORE           Displays output one screen at a time.
MOVE           Moves one or more files from one directory to another
                      directory.
OPENFILES      Displays files opened by remote users for a file share.
PATH           Displays or sets a search path for executable files.
PAUSE          Suspends processing of a batch file and displays a message.
POPD           Restores the previous value of the current directory saved
               PUSHD.
PRINT          Prints a text file.
PROMPT         Changes the Windows command prompt.
PUSHD          Saves the current directory then changes it.
RD             Removes a directory.
RECOVER        Recovers readable information from a bad or defective disk.
REM            Records comments (remarks) in batch files or CONFIG.SYS.
REN            Renames a file or files.
RENAME         Renames a file or files.
REPLACE        Replaces files.
RMDIR          Removes a directory.
ROBOCOPY       Advanced utility to copy files and directory trees
SET            Displays, sets, or removes Windows environment variables.
SETLOCAL       Begins localization of environment changes in a batch file.
SC             Displays or configures services (background processes).
SCHTASKS       Schedules commands and programs to run on a computer.
SHIFT          Shifts the position of replaceable parameters in batch file
SHUTDOWN       Allows proper local or remote shutdown of machine.
SORT           Sorts input.
START          Starts a separate window to run a specified program or comm
SUBST          Associates a path with a drive letter.
SYSTEMINFO     Displays machine specific properties and configuration.
TASKLIST       Displays all currently running tasks including services.
TASKKILL       Kill or stop a running process or application.
TIME           Displays or sets the system time.
TITLE          Sets the window title for a CMD.EXE session.
TREE           Graphically displays the directory structure of a drive or
                     path.
TYPE           Displays the contents of a text file.
VER            Displays the Windows version.
VERIFY         Tells Windows whether to verify that your files are written
                      correctly to a disk.
VOL            Displays a disk volume label and serial number.
XCOPY          Copies files and directory trees.
WMIC           Displays WMI information inside interactive command shell.

Wednesday 3 October 2012

List of Project related to the Computer Science

-Central Government Projects
-Accounts Informatics Division
-Agriculture Informatics Division
-udit Informatics Division
-Crisp
-D/O Animal Husbandry And Dairying
-Data Centre And Web Services
-Disnic Plan
-Economics & Statistics Division
-Election Commission Of India
-Energy Informatics Division
-Environment Forests Informatics Division
-Fertilizer Informatics Division
-Food And Consumer Affairs Infosys Division
-Gis And Remote Sensing Division
-Health Informatics Division
-Land Resource Informatics System Division (Lrisd)
-M/O Minority Affairs
-M/O Personnel, Adm. Reforms, Pub.Gre. And Pension
-M/O Science And Technology
-M/O Water Resources
-Rural Development And Panchayatiraj Sector
-State Government Projects
-ACES-Adjourned cases enquiry system for Maharashtra administrative tribunal
-Admission Couseling for Technical Education
-Affidavit Issuance System (AIS)
-AGMARKNET
-Agri-Portal Matir Katha for Agriculture Department Gov. of West Bengal
-AISES ( All India School Education Survey)
-Anytime/Anywhere e-Services-Land Records
-Arms License Issuance System
-Arunachal Pradesh Payroll System
-Audit Monitoring System
-Bar Coded Food Coupon System for AAY Scheme
-BELE(Crop)-Web enabled AGRISNET Inf.System
-BHOOMI for Revenue Department
-Border Check Post System
-BPL Census
-BPL Survey 2002-Report Generation Software
-Budget Information System
-BUDNIC (Budget Information System)
-BWSSB Ganakeekrutha Grahakara Seve,Water Billing and Collection System
-CAPnic
-CASCET for Education Department
-Case Information System
-Centralized File Movement & Tracking Information System
-CIPA (Common Integrated Police Application)
-City Civil Court Computerization
-CM Announcements Implementation Monitoring System
-COIN (Co-Operative banking in Place) - A Total Banking Solution for Co-operative Sector
-CollabLand (FMB digitization)
-Community Information Centres
-Comprehensive Computerization Project of Haldia Dock Complex
-Comprehensive Modernization of Land Records (CMLR )
-Computerisation of allotment of liquor shops on the basis of Draw of lots by Excise department
-Computerisation of Election Department
-Computerisation of Food grain Supply Chain of Food and Civil Supplies department
-Computerisation of KHADC
-Computerisation of MPSC
-Computerisation of SMB
-Computerised Applications Monitoring System (CAMS)
-Computerization of Salary Accounts(COSA)
-Computerized CPS System for Office of the Accountant General
-Computerized Monitoring of PWD-WSS
-CONFONET-Computerization and Computer Networking of Consumer Forums
-Consumer Forum Computerization (CONFONET)
-Court Cases Monitoring System
-Dharohar Project
-DHSE Examination Management System
-Digital OFS (Order For Supplies) & Excise Permit System
-Disability Certificate Issuance System
-District Court Information System (DCIS)
-District Passport Collection Centre System
-DOMESTIC
-Double Entry Accounting System MIS for Rural Development Blocks
-DSS (Depot Sahayak System)
-Dynamic Integration of Property Registration and Land Records Administration
-eBudget- Budget Processing System
-e-DISHA Ekal Sewa Kendra
-e-Filing of CST Return
-e-Filing of VAT Return
-e-Finance.Net - ICT based Integrated Workflow of Finance Department
-E-Governance of CMDA
-e-Gram
-e-Hospital
-e-Jan Sampark Portal
-e-KHAZANA (Computerization of Budget, Treasuries & State Provident Fund)
-e-Kosh (Online Treasury Computerisation)
-ELECON (Election Confidential)
-Election Management System
-Electoral Management System
-Electoral Rolls System
-Electronic Gazette
-e-mandi-Online Agricultural Marketing System
-E-MPED
-Employee Empowerment
-Employees Personal Information System
-Employees Provident Fund Organization
-Employment Exchange Computerisation
-Employment Exchange Management System-EMI
-Energy Billing Computerisation- RACE
-Energy Billing System
-Energy Billing System (EBS)
-e-Panjeeyan
-ePension Pension Disbursement System
-E-permit:- Online Permit System
-e-Pourasabha Municipal Application
-E-Procurement
-e-Psc for Public Service Commissions
-e-Registration in Bihar (SCORE System for Computerized Registration)
-eSalary Integrated Pay & Accounts Offices(IPAO)
-e-Samadhan
-e-Service on Central Declaration Forms
-e-Service on Registration/De-registration of digital signature certificate
-e-Service on Waybill
-e-Services for Transport
-e-Suvidha
-"Ever Alert"- Online Medical Inventory System
-Examination management System
-File Monitoring System
-File Tracking System
-FILIO (File Letter Inward Outward)
-Forest Land Bank
-FRIENDS Re-engineered and Enterprise Enabled Software- (FREES)
-General Provident Fund System for Zilla Parishads
-Geographic Information System
-GIS-Geographical Information System for Maharashtra
-GPF Computerisation for Directorate of Treasury
-GPF Computerization
-Grievances Monitoring System
-Health Information system for Government (HEALING)
-High court Computerization
-HLMS-High Court Litigant Management System
-India Bangladesh Passport Case Management System
-Information Management and Promotion of Administration in Commercial taxes (IMPACT)
-Integrated Cyber Treasury System of Haryana
-Integrated-Governance solution to Lakshadweep Electricity Department
-Integrated Land Records Computerisation (HIMRIS)
-Integrated Management System of Pay & Accounts Office & Treasuries
-Integrated Software for Judicial Functions of High Courts
-Integrated Workflow System for Paperless Admissions to AICTE approved Courses in Haryana
-Intranet Portal of Chandigarh Administration
-Jan-Suvidha Software
-Job Portal A Gateway for Employment Opportunities
-Judiciary
-Lakport-Web based Ship Ticket Reservation System
-LAS-Lokayukta office Automation System
-LCAPnic
-Library Computerisation
-Licence Fee Monitoring System
-Mahafood-Food grain allotment and lifting monitoring system
-Meeting Manager
-Mid Day Meal Monitoring System (MDM)
-MIS- (BUDNIC & Employee's STRENGTH-Software: (Strength Information System)
-MIS-PHED-Assam
-Mukya Vahini for CM's Secretariat
-Mustard Procurement Management System
-Networking of Government Buildings of the State Capital
-NLEP (National Leprosy Eradication Program )
-NREGA-National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
-Official web site of the District Administration of Diu
-OLTIS Online Treasury Information System
-Online GPF Status
-Online Market Information System
-Online Micro Small & Medium Enterprises
-Online Monitoring System for Project Arrow
-Online Scholarship Management System
-Online Vaccination Appointment for International Traveler
-Pension Cases Monitoring System
-Pension Information System
-Personnel MIS
-PETITION AND TASK MONITORING FOR POLICE DEPT.
-PHED MIS
-Physically Challenged Persons Information System (PCPIS)
-PLASMA
-Port Operations & Management System (POMS) of Kolkata Port Trust
-Port Operations & Management System (POMS) for Ennore Port Limited
-Port Operations & Management System (POMS) for Chennai Port Trust
-Postal Account Current System
-Prison Management System
-Project-District Court Information System
-Project Monitoring and Information System (PMIS)
-Property Registration computerization
-Punjab Vidhan Sabha Computerization
-Rajasthan Legislative Assembly
-Rajasthan State Cooperative Bank (RSCB) & District Central Cooperative Bank (DCCB)
-RAJSAINIK (Sainik Welfare Department, Govt. of Rajasthan)
-Rank Generation and Distributed Counselling for Karnataka Examination Authority
-References Monitoring System
-RFMS-Relief Fund Monitoring System for Chief Minister's Office
-RIMS (Ration Card Issue & Maintenance System)
-RIS-Registry Information System for CM Office
-RSPCB (Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board)
-Rural Digital Services (Nemmadi)
-Sachivalaya Vahini
-Sakala (Karnataka Guarantee of Services to Citizens Act-2011)
-Samanya Mahiti for Department of Rural Development & Panchayat Raj
-SARTHI: Registration Process
-Secretariat LAN
-SEEDNET
-SERVICE AND PAYROLL ADMINISTRATIVE REPOSITORY FOR KERALA (SPARK)
-Services at High Court
-Settlement Department Computerization
-Shastr Online Arms Licensing System
-Silvassa Municipal Council Computerisation
-SIMNIC-Status Information Management System
-Single Window Investor Friendly Terminal
-SMS based Integrated Disease Surveillance System
-SMS based Prajavani Status Information System
-SMS based System for Police department
-Social Security Information System (SSIS)
-Software Solutions for Assam Sachivalaya
-State Govt Employee Database
-State wide Video Conferencing infrastructure setup
-Support for P & RD sector in Assam
-SWIFT (Single window Investor Friendly Terminal)
-Tamil Nilam
-Teacher Database
-TETRAPDS
-Transfers Request- Recommendation Processing System
-Transport Computerisation Project
-Transport Computerization
-Treasury Computerisation
-Treasury Computerization Project
-Treasury Computerization System (TCS)
-Treasury Information System Punjab
-Tripura Registration Information System( TRIS)
-Tripura State Wide Area Network- A DIT sponsored ICT Infrastructure scheme
-Utility Mapping Project for Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai
-Vahan, Sarathi and Road Permit computerization of Transport Department
-VHSE Examination Management System
-Video Conferencing Facility
-Visitors Information System
-Water Billing System
-Web Based Counseling for PSBTE
-Web-based MIS for PHE Department
-Web Based Payroll System for State Government Departments
-Web Based Small Hydro Project Management Information System (SHPIS)
-Web Based System for dissemination of GPF and Pension details
-Web Enabled District GIS
-Web-enabled Online Hotels Reservation System Software
-Web Portal and web Based MIS for Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY)
-Web Portals for Hyderabad and Cyberabad Police
-Website containing information of Department of Planning and Statistics, Daman (U.T.).
-Website containing information of Department of Value Added Tax, Daman & Diu, Daman (-U.T.).
-Website containing information of Directorate of Medical & Health Services, Daman (U.T.)
-Website containing information of Office of the Registrar, Co-Operative Societies, Daman (U.T.)
-Website containing information of Primary Health Centre, Ghoghla, Diu (U.T.)
-Website of Administration
-Website of Chief Electoral Officer
-Website of OIDC
-Website of RTO Department.
-Websites of Districts of Maharashtra
-Websites of various Government Departments and Institutions
-Websites using Joomla Content Management System
-xPERT (Excise Program for Effective Revenue Tracking)